Oxidation of sulfide-containing ores is the main cause of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), which is an environmental problem associated with both the abandoned and active mines. Iron-bearing sulfide minerals can be oxidized and form mine waters with high sulfate content, low pH, high electrical conductivity, high redox potential, and high concentrations of iron, aluminum, and other heavy metals. In th...

The Iron Mountain Mine Superfund Site near Redding, California, is a massive sulfide ore deposit that was mined for iron, silver, gold, copper, zinc, and pyrite intermittently for nearly 100 years. As a result, both water and air reached the sulfide deposits deep within the mountain, producing acid mine drainage consisting of sulfuric acid and heavy metals from the ore. Particularly, the draina...

Many bituminous coal mine effluents contain, along with other ions, high concentrations of ferrous iron. This is brought into solution by sulfuric acid produced by the oxidation of sulfuritic material, possibly iron sulfides in part, occurring with bituminous coal (Leathen et al., 1952). The ferrous iron is oxidized by bacteria to the ferric state at a more rapid rate than can be accounted for ...

Lakes developing in former coal mine pits are often characterized by high concentrations of sulfate and iron and low pH. The review focuses on the causes for and fate of acidity in these lakes and their watersheds. Acidification is primarily caused by the generation of ferrous iron bearing and mineralized groundwater, transport through the groundwater-surface water interface, and subsequent iro...

LKAB’s Kiruna Mine, located in northern Sweden, produces about 24 million tons of iron ore yearly using an underground mining method known as sublevel caving. To efficiently run the mills that process the iron ore, the mine must deliver planned quantities of three ore types. We used mixed-integer programming to schedule Kiruna’s operations, specifically, which production blocks to mine and when...

presence of joints and fractures in rocks strongly influences the behavior of the rock mass by dividing the media into smaller units. these structures intensify the potential instability besides the development of sliding and rotational movements. the assumption of discontinuum media changes the whole analysis conditions in relation to the continuum analysis. acquisition of geometrical and stru...

neyshabour turquoise mine is located in northwest of neyshabour, southern quchan volcanic belt. eocene andesite and dacite forming as lava and pyroclastic rocks cover most of the area. subvolcanic diorite to syenite porphyry (granitoids of magnetite series) intruded the volcanic rocks. both volcanic and subvolcanic rocks are highly altered. four types of alteration are recognized including: sil...

I This contribution is one of a series of papers by the Multiple Fellowship on Mine Acid Control sustained at Mellon Institute by the Sanitary Water Board, Department of Health, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. catalyst. Indeed, Carpeniter and Heirndon (1933) suggested that bacterial activity by some sulfur oxidizing organism might explain, in part, the high acidities usually encountered in bitumi...